Wages
NBER - Task Specialization, Comparative Advantages, and the Effects of Immigration on Wages (Looking at data for the 50 US states (plus the District of Columbia) from 1960 to 2000 the report shows that foreign-born workers specialize in occupations that require manual tasks such as cleaning, cooking, and building. Immigration causes natives — who have a better understanding of local networks, rules, customs, and language — to pursue jobs requiring interactive tasks such as coordinating, organizing, and communicating. Simulations show that this increased specialization mitigated negative wage consequences of immigration for less-educated native-born workers, especially in states with large immigration flows. by Giovanni Peri ,University of California,Davis and NBER, Chad Sparber, Colgate University. National Bureau Of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 13389, August 2007)
PPIC - How Immigrants Affect California Employment and Wages (studying 40 years of data, report finds the flow of immigrants into California has helped increase wages and job opportunities for native-born workers , by Giovanni Peri, University of California- Davis, Public Policy Institute of California, February, 2007)
(NBER - Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages There is a positive and significant effect of immigration on the average wage of U.S.-born workers, by Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, NBER Summer Institute, August 2006)
NBER - Rethinking the Gains from Immigration: Theory and Evidence from the US (overall immigration generates a large positive effect on the average wages of U.S.-born workers, by Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano, Giovanni Peri, NBER Working Paper No. 11672, Issued in October 2005 )
UC Berkley - Is the New Immigration Really So Bad? (wages of native dropouts are not effected by the supply of less-educated foreign workers, low skilled natives are not much affected by increased immigration. Analysis shows that the wages of native dropouts (people with less than a high school diploma) relative to native high school graduates have remained nearly constant since 1980, despite pressures from immigrant inflows that have increased the relative supply of dropout labor, and despite the rise in the wage gap between other education groups in the U.S. economy. , Andrew Card, 1-2005)
Job Loss
NBER - Comparative Advantages and Gains from Immigration/April 07-Peri/Sparber (Immigrants have little effect on jobs of US high school dropouts. Foreign and native-born workers with similarly low educational attainment in fact compliment each other in the workforce rather than compete. Using forty years of data the study looked at the actual tasks performed by each class of workers to see what jobs were being done by native-born workers as opposed to foreign born workers.The study found that foreign born workers perform more manual and physical tasks, while native-born workers do tasks that are more language-intensive and interactive, and that native-born workers benefit from this specialization. April, 2007)
PEW - Growth in the Foreign-Born Workforce and Employment of Native Born (no relationship between the growth in the foreign-born population and employment outcomes for native-born workers, by Rakesh Kochhar, Associate Director for Research,Pew Hispanic Center, August 2006)
Rents
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Taxes
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Social Services
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Studies from States and Localities
Immigrants in Arizona Fiscal and Economic Impact, ( The incremental fiscal costs of immigrants largely fall into three categories: education, health care, and law enforcement, and these totaled about $1.4 billion in 2004… The 2004 state tax revenues attributable to immigrants as workers were approximately $2.4 billion. Thus there was a net fiscal gain of about $940 million…. simulations of the consequences of eliminating a significant share of Arizona’s low-skilled workers quantified the implications for the industry sectors that employ them. In agriculture, a 15-percent workforce reduction resulted in lost output of $600 million and lost tax revenues of approximately $25 million. In construction, a 15-percent workforce reduction resulted in a lost output of $6.6 billion and lost tax revenues of approximately $270 million. A ten-percent workforce reduction in manufacturing resulted in reduced output of $3.8 billion and lost tax revenues of approximately $100 million. A 16-percent workforce reduction in the service sectors analyzed resulted in lost output of $2.5 billion and reduced tax revenues of about $160 million.,University of Arizona,Udall Center , 2007)